Botros Rizk, MD, FRCOG, FRCS, HCLD, FACOG, FACS, is Professor and Head of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Medical and Scientific Director of In Vitro Fertilization and Assisted Reproduction, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Albama, USA; Distinguished Adjunct Scientific Director, IVF Michigan, Rochester Hills, Michigan, USA; and President Elect, Middle East Fertility Society. Ashok Agarwal, PhD is Director of the Andrology Center, Director of Research at the American Center for Reproductive Medicine at Cleveland Clinic, and Professor at the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, USA. Edmund S Sabanegh, Jr, MD, is Chairman of the Department of Urology and Director of the Center for Male Fertility, Cleveland Clinic, USA.